2008年3月9日 星期天
从今天开始，我在这里的时间和马来西亚的时间相差暂时从15 小时改成14小时， 将从本月9日开始，到11月2日为止。具体是美国时间9日凌晨2时正式开始，把钟拨快一小时。对我来讲；至少能和家人，朋友的距离来津了一个小时。一个小时也开始？好过没有！！
怎们会这样？
故事是这样的：
夏时制的历史
威 廉·维莱特宣传夏时制的小册子，封面标题为“日光的浪费”。据称最早有夏时制构思的是本杰明·富兰克林，他在任美国驻法国大使期间，由于习惯于当时 美国农村贵族的早睡早起生活，早上散步时看到法国人10点才起床，夜生活过到深夜。于是他在1784年给《巴黎杂志》的编辑写了一封信，信上说法国人的生 活习惯浪费了大好的阳光，建议他们早睡早起，说每年可以节约6千4百万磅蜡烛。但他当时并没有建议实行夏时制，只是建议人们应该早睡早起。因为当时根本还 没有统一的时区划分。不过夏时制在英语里就是“节约阳光时间”的意思。
直到1907年，英国建筑师威廉·维莱特（William Willett）才正式向英国议会提出夏时制的构思，主要是为了节省能源和提供更多的时间用来训练士兵，但议会经过辩论没有采纳。由于名声不及本杰明·富 兰克林，所以人们很多都将本杰明·富兰克林当为夏时制的发明者而忽略了威廉·维莱特。
在 这古老的水动时钟，一系列的齿轮转动使柱子显示当天适合的小时长度。1916年，德国首先实行夏时制，英国因为怕德国会从中得到更大的效益，因此紧 跟着也采取了夏时制，夏时制节约了约15%的煤气和电力，但为了弥补损失，电力和煤气公司也将价格提高了15%。法国不久也效仿实行。1917年，俄罗斯 第一次实行了夏令时，但直到1981年才成为一项经常性的制度。1918年，参加了第一次世界大战的美国也实行了夏时制，但战后立即取消了。
1942年，第二次世界大战期间，美国又实行了夏时制，1945年战争结束后取消。1966年，美国重新实行夏时制。欧洲大部分国家从1976年，即第四次中东战争导致首次石油危机3年后（1973年）开始实行夏时制。
根据联合国欧洲经济委员会的建议，从1996年起夏令时的有效期推迟到10月份的最后一个星期日。
美国不实行夏令时的地区包括：亚利桑那州；夏威夷州；波多黎各和维京群岛；美属萨摩亚、关岛和北马里亚纳群岛
美国和加拿大原本于每年10月的最后一个星期日凌晨2时起实施冬令时间；4月的第一个星期日凌晨2时起，恢复夏令时间。
但是根据美国国会最新通过的能源法案，为加强日光节约，自2007年起延长夏令时间，开始日期从每年4月的第一个星期日，提前到3月的第二个星期日，结束日期从每年10月的最后一个星期日，延后到11月的第一个星期日。换言之，冬令时间将缩短约一个月。
Daylight Saving Time gives us the opportunity to enjoy sunny summer evenings by moving our clocks an hour forward in the spring.
Most of the United States begins Daylight Saving Time at 2:00 a.m. on the second Sunday in March and reverts to standard time on the first Sunday in November. In the U.S., each time zone switches at a different time.
In the U.S., clocks change at 2:00 a.m. local time. In spring, clocks spring forward from 1:59 a.m. to 3:00 a.m.; in fall, clocks fall back from 1:59 a.m. to 1:00 a.m.
For the U.S. and its territories, Daylight Saving Time is NOT observed in Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, and Arizona. The Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, even in Arizona, due to its large size and location in three states.
Daylight Saving Time has been used in the U.S. and in many European countries since World War I. At that time, in an effort to conserve fuel needed to produce electric power, Germany and Austria took time by the forelock, and began saving daylight at 11:00 p.m. on April 30, 1916, by advancing the hands of the clock one hour until the following October. Other countries immediately adopted this 1916 action: Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Turkey, and Tasmania. Nova Scotia and Manitoba adopted it as well, with Britain following suit three weeks later, on May 21, 1916. In 1917, Australia and Newfoundland began saving daylight.
The plan was not formally adopted in the U.S. until 1918. ‘An Act to preserve daylight and provide standard time for the United States‘ was enacted on March 19, 1918. It both established standard time zones and set summer DST to begin on March 31, 1918. Daylight Saving Time was observed for seven months in 1918 and 1919. After the War ended, the law proved so unpopular (mostly because people rose earlier and went to bed earlier than people do today) that it was repealed in 1919 with a Congressional override of President Wilson’s veto. Daylight Saving Time became a local option, and was continued in a few states, such as Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and in some cities, such as New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago.
During World War II, President Franklin Roosevelt instituted year-round Daylight Saving Time, called “War Time,” from February 9, 1942 to September 30, 1945. From 1945 to 1966, there was no federal law regarding Daylight Saving Time, so states and localities were free to choose whether or not to observe Daylight Saving Time and could choose when it began and ended. This understandably caused confusion, especially for the broadcasting industry, as well as for railways, airlines, and bus companies. Because of the different local customs and laws, radio and TV stations and the transportation companies had to publish new schedules every time a state or town began or ended Daylight Saving Time.
On January 4, 1974, President Nixon signed into law the Emergency Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act of 1973. Then, beginning on January 6, 1974, implementing the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act, clocks were set ahead. On October 5, 1974, Congress amended the Act, and Standard Time returned on October 27, 1974. Daylight Saving Time resumed on February 23, 1975 and ended on October 26, 1975.
Under legislation enacted in 1986, Daylight Saving Time in the U.S. began at 2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday of April and ended at 2:00 a.m. on the last Sunday of October.
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended Daylight Saving Time in the U.S. beginning in 2007, though Congress retained the right to revert to the 1986 law should the change prove unpopular or if energy savings are not significant. Going from 2007 forward, Daylight Saving Time in the U.S.
- begins at 2:00 a.m. on the second Sunday of March and
- ends at 2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday of November
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